☼☼☼ Noun কাকে বলে ? Noun কত প্রকার ও কি কি ?

Noun ( বিশেষ্য ) : যে Word দ্বারা কোন কিছুর নাম বুঝায় তাকে Noun বলে ।
যথা : Rahim, Man, Ball, Pen, Dog, Hen, Bag ইত্যাদি ।

Noun এর প্রকারভেদ : Noun পাঁচ প্রকার ।
যথা:

Proper Noun ( নামবাচক বিশেষ্য )
Common Noun ( জাতিবাচক বিশেষ্য )
Collective Noun ( সমষ্টিবাচক বিশেষ্য )
Material Noun ( বস্তুবাচক বিশেষ্য )
Abstract Noun (গুণবাচক বিশেষ্য)

· Proper Noun ( নামবাচক বিশেষ্য ) : যে Noun দ্বারা কোন নিদিষ্ট ব্যক্তি, বস্তুু বা স্থানের নাম বুঝায় তাকে Proper Noun বলে । যেমন : Akbar, Sylhet, Meghna ইত্যাদি । Example : Ashoka was a noble king

· Common Noun ( জাতিবাচক বিশেষ্য ) : যে Noun দ্বারা একই জাতীয় ব্যক্তি, বস্তু বা প্রাণীকে না বুঝিয়ে সে জাতীয় সকলকে বুঝায় তাকে Common Noun বলে । যেমন : Student, Book, Dog, Flower ইত্যাদি । Example : Rita is a poor girl

More 100 Example:

1.      time → সময়
2.      Year→ বছর
3.      People→ লোক / জনগন
4.      Way → পথ
5.      Day→ দিন
6.      Man → মানুষ
7.      Thing→ জিনিস
8.      Woman → মহিলা
9.      Life→জীবন
10.   Child→শিশু
11.   World→ বিশ্ব
12.   School → বিদ্যালয়
13.   State→ রাষ্ট্র
14.   Family→পরিবার
15.   Student→ছাত্র / ছাত্রী
16.   Group → দল
17.   Country → দেশ
18.   Problem→সমস্য
19.   Hand→হাত
20.   Part→অংশ
21.   Place→স্থান
22.   Case→কেস / ঘটনা / মামলা
23.   Week→সপ্তাহ
24.   Company→ কোম্পানী
25.   System→ পদ্ধতি
26.   Program→ কার্যক্রম
27.   Question→প্রশ্ন
28.   Work→কাজ
29.   Government→ সরকার
30.   Number→ সংখ্যা
31.   Night→ রাত
32.   Point→ বিন্দু
33.   Home→ বাড়ি
34.   Water→ পানি

35.   room→কক্ষ / ঘর
36.   Mother→ মা
37.   Area→ এলাকা
38.   Money→ টাকা
39.   Story→ গল্প
40.   Fact→ সত্য
41.   Month→ মাস
42.   Lot→ অনেক
43.   Right→ অধিকার / ডান / ঠিক
44.   Study→ অধ্যয়ন
45.   Book→ বই
46.   Eye→ চোখ
47.   Job→ চাকরী
48.   Word→ শব্দ
49.   Business→ ব্যবসায়
50.   Issue→ সমস্যা
51.   Side→ পাশ
52.   Kind→ সদয়
53.   Head→ মাথা
54.   House→ বাড়ী
55.   Service→ সেবা
56.   Friend→ বন্ধু
57.   Father→ বাবা
58.   Power→ ক্ষমতা
59.   Hour→ ঘন্টা
60.   Game→ খেলা
61.   Line→ রেখা
62.   End→ শেষ
63.   Member→ সদস্য
64.   Law→ আইন
65.   Car → গাড়ী
66.   City→ শহর
67.   community→ সম্প্রদায়
68.   name→নাম

69.   president→ সভাপতি
70.   team→ দল
71.   minute→মিনিট
72.   idea→ ধারনা
73.   kid→ ছাগলছানা
74.   body→ শরীর
75.   information→ তথ্য
76.   back→ পিছনে
77.   parent→ মাতা
78.   face→ মুখ
79.   others→ অন্যদের
80.   level→ উচ্চতা
81.   office→ দপ্তর / কর্মস্থান
82.   door→ দরজা
83.   health→ সাস্থ্য
84.   person→ ব্যক্তি
85.   art→ শিল্প
86.   war→ যুদ্ধ
87.   history→ ইতিহাস
88.   party→ পার্চি / দল / পক্ষ
89.   result→ ফল
90.   change→ পরিবর্তন
91.   morning→ সকাল
92.   reason→ কারন
93.   research→ গবেষণা
94.   girl→ মেয়ে / বালিকা
95.   guy→ লোক
96.   moment→ মহুর্ত
97.   air→ বাতাস
98.   teacher→ শিক্ষক / শিক্ষিকা
99.   force→ জোর / বল
100. education→   শিক্ষা

· Collective Noun ( সমষ্টিবাচক বিশেষ্য ) : যে Noun দ্বারা কোন ব্যক্তি, বস্তুু বা প্রাণীর সমষ্টিকে বুঝায় তাকে Collective Noun বলে । যেমন : Class, Army, Club, Family ইত্যাদি । Example : The army is formed with discipline

Collective nouns for mammals & marsupials

Animal	Collective Nouns
Antelope	Herd
Ants	Colony
Apes	Shrewdness
Asses	Pace, Herd, Drove
Baboons	Troop, Flange
Badgers	Cete
Bats	Colony, Cloud
Bears	Sloth, Sleuth, Litter (young)
Beavers	Colony, Family
Bison	Herd
Buffalo	Gang, Obstinacy
Camels	Caravan, Flock, Train
Caribou	Herd
Cats	Clowder, Pounce; (Kittens: Kindle, Litter, Intrigue), Destruction (wild cats)
Cattle	Drove, Herd
Cheetah	Coalition
Chinchilla	Colony
Cows	Herd, Kine
Coyotes	Band
Deer	Herd, Bevy (only for roe deer)
Dogs	Litter (puppies), Pack (if wild), Cowardice (curs), Leash(Greyhounds). For hounds: Cry, Mute, Pack, Kennel
Dolphins	Pod
Donkeys	Drove, Herd, Pace
Elephants	Herd, Memory
Elk	Gang
Ferrets	Business, Cast, Fesnying
Fox	Leash, Skulk, Earth, Lead, Troop
Giraffes	Tower
Goats	Tribe, Trip
Gorillas	Band, Troop
Hedgehogs	Array
Hippopotamuses	Bloat
Horses	Team, Harras, Rag (colts), Stud (a group of horses owned by one person), String (for ponies)
Hyenas	Cackle, Clan
Impalas	Herd
Kangaroos	Mob, Troop
Leopards	Leap
Lions	Pride, Sault, Troop
Martens	Richness
Mice	Mischief
Moles	Labor
Monkeys	Troop, Barrel
Moose	Herd
Mules	Pack, Span, Barren, rake
Otters	Bevy, Family, Raft, Romp
Oxen	Team, Yoke
Pigs	Drift, Drove, Litter (piglets), Sounder (swine only), Team, Passel (hogs only), Singular (for boars)
Polecats	Chine
Porcupines	Prickle
Porpoises	Crowd, Herd, Pod, School, Shoal
Rabbits	Colony, Warren, Nest, Herd (domesticated only), Litter (young rabbits), Down (hares), husk (hares)
Raccoons	Gaze
Rats	Colony, Pack, Plague, Swarm
Reindeer	Herd
Rhinoceroses	Crash
Roebucks	Bevy
Seals	Bob, Harem, Herd, Pod, Rookery
Sheep	Drove, Flock, Herd
Springbok	Herd
Squirrels	Dray, Scurry
Stoats	Pack, Trip
Tigers	Ambush, Streak
Walruses	Herd, Pod
Weasles	Gang, Colony, Pack
Whales	Pod, Gam, Herd, School
Wolves	Pack, Rout, Route (when moving)
Wombats	Wisdom
Zebras	Zeal, Crossing, Dazzle, Cohorts, Herd

Collective nouns for birds

Animal	Collective Nouns
Birds in general	Brace (for a couple of birds that have been killed when hunted), Flight (when flying), Flock (when on the ground), Volary
Albatross	Rookery
Bitterns	Sedge
Bullfinches	Bellowing
Buzzards	Wake
Bobolinks	Chain
Capons	Mews
Chickens	Brood, Peep, Young chickens: Chattering, Clutch
Chicks (Various birds)	Brood; Clutch
Coots	Cover
Cormorants	Gulp
Cranes	Sedge, Seige
Crows	Horde, Murder
Dotterel	Trip
Doves	Dule, Pitying (Turtle doves only)
Ducks	Balding, Brace (a couple of hunted and killed ducks), Flock (flying), Paddling (on water), Raft (on water), Team
Dunlins	Fling
Eagles	Convocation
Emus	Mob
Finches	Charm
Falcons	Cast
Flamingos	Stand
Geese	Flock, Gaggle (grounded), Skein (flying)
Goshawks	Flight
Grouse	Pack (later in the hunting season)
Guillemots	Bazaar
Guinea Fowl	Confusion
Gulls	Colony
Hawks	Boil (when spiraling in flight), Cast, Kettle (large amount of flying hawks)
Herons	Sedge, Siege
Hummingbirds	Charm
Jays	Party, Scold
Lapwings	Deceit
Larks	Exaltation
Mallards	Sord (flying), Brace (two that havce been hunted and killed)
Magpies	Charm, Gulp, Murder, Tiding
Nightingales	Watch
Owls	Parliament
Parrots	Company, Pandemonium
Partridge	Covey
Peacocks	Muster, Ostentation
Pelicans	Pod
Penguins	Colony
Pheasant	Bouquet, Brace (couple hunted and killed), Nest, Nide, Nye,
Pigeons	Flight, Flock, Kit
Plovers	Congregation, Wing (flying)
Ptarmigans	Covey
Rooks	Building, Clamor, Parliament
Ruffs	Hill
Quail	Bevy, Covey
Ravens	Storytelling, Unkindness
Seabirds	Wreck
Sheldrakes	Doading
Skylarks	Exultation
Snipe	Walk, Wisp
Sparrows	Host
Starlings	Murmuration
Storks	Mustering
Swallows	Flight
Swans	Bevy, Wedge (flying)
Swifts	Flock
Teal	Spring
Thrush	Mutation
Turkeys	Gang, Rafter
Turtle Doves	Pitying, Dule
Vultures	Kettle (flying), Venue
Waterfowls	Knob, Plump
Widgeons	Company
Wildfowl	Plump
Woodcocks	Fall
Woodpeckers	Descent
Wrens	Herd

Collective nouns for fish

Animal	Collective Nouns
Fish (general)	Draft, Nest, School, Shoal (some academics argue that ‘School’ is incorrect, and that Shoal should be used instead). When caught: Catch, Drought, Haul
Barracudas	Battery
Bass	Shoal
Cod	Lap
Eels	Bed, Fry, Swarm
Goldfish	Glint, Troubling
Herring	Army
Sardines	Family
Sharks	Shiver
Stingrays	Fever
Trout	Hover

Collective nouns for reptiles and amphibians

Animal	Collective Nouns
Alligators	Congregation
Cobras	Quiver
Crocodiles	Bask, Float
Frogs	Army, Colony
Lizards	Lounge
Rattlesnakes	Rhumba
Salamanders	Congress
Toads	Knab, Knot, Nest
Turtles	Bale, Dole, Nest, Turn
Snakes, vipers	Den, Generation, Knot, Nest, Pit

Collective nouns for invertebrates (including insects, molluscs etc.)

Animal	Collective Nouns
Ants	Army, Colony, Nest, Swarm (flying)
Bees	Grist, Hive, Swarm
Caterpillars	Army
Clams	Bed
Cockroaches	Intrusion
Crabs	Cast
Flies	Business, Cloud, Swarm
Gnats	Cloud, Horde, Swarm
Grasshoppers	Cloud
Hornets	Bike, Nest
Insects (general)	Horde, Nest, Plague, Rabble, Swarm
Jellyfish	Brood, Smack
Lice	Flock
Locusts	Plague
Midges	Bite
Mosquitoes	Scourge
Oysters	Bed
Scorpions	Bed, Nest
Spiders	Cluster, Clutter
Termites	Brood, Colony, Nest, Swarm
Wasps	Nest, Swarm
Worms	Bed, Bunch, Clat, Clew

Collective nouns for single-celled organisms

Organism	Collective Nouns
Bacteria	Culture

Collective nouns for people

Group	Collective Nouns
Academics	Faculty
Acrobats	Troupe
Actors	Cast, Company, Condescension, Cry, Queue
Actresses	Entrance
Aldermen	Bench
Arsonists	Conflagration
Artistes	Troupe
Athletes	Team
Bakers	Tabernacle
Barbers	Babble
Barmen	Promise
Barons	Thought
Barristers	Boast, Wiggery
Bastards	Shower
Beaters	Squad
Beauties	Beavy, Galaxy
Beggars	Fighting
Bishops	Bench, Psalter, Sea
Boys	Plush, Rascal
Boy Scouts	Troop
Brewers	Feast
Brownies	Pack
Bureaucrats	Shuffle
Butchers	Goring
Butlers	Sneer
Candidates	Slate
Canons	Chapter, Dignity
Capitalists	Company, Syndicate
Cardinals	College
Carpenters	Pound
Catholics	Mass
Censors	Gaggle
Cheerleaders	Array
Chess Players	Board, Brood
Churchgoers	Congregation
Clerks	Rookery, School
Clowns	Alley, Pratfall
Cobblers	Cutting, Drunk ship
Comedians	Gaggle, Riot
Communists	Colhose
Cooks	Hastiness
Cowboys	Cavvy, Saunter
Critics	Shrivel
Curs	Cowardice
Dancers	Troupe, Flight (male), Float (female)
Deans	Decanter, Decorum
Decorators	Tantrum
Dentists	Amalgam, Brace, wince
Dermatologists	Rash
Designers	Set, Subtlety
Directors	Board
Doctors	Doctrine
Dons	Obstruction
Drummers	Asylum, Fagot, Roll
Employees	Staff
Englishmen	Pound
Equestrians	Prance
Experts	Discord, Panel
Fishermen	Drift, Exaggeration, Grumble, Sulk
Followers	Trail
Foresters	Stalk
Frenchmen	Peck
Friends	Party
Gamblers	Talent
Generals	Glitter
Geneticists	Helix
Geologists	Conglomerate, Formation
Geometrists	Plane
Germans	Gross
Girl Guides	Company
Girls	Giggle
Golfers	Lie, Tedium
Goons	Plunder
Gossips	Gaggle
Gossip columnists	Slither
Governesses	Galaxy
Graduate students	Fortitude
Grammarians	Conjunction
Grandparents	Nag, Wisdom
Groupies	Grope
Gym instructors	Set
Gymnasts	Troupe
Gynecologists	Smear
Gypsies	Store

Hackers	Cruft
Hairdressers	Set, Swish
Harlots	Herd
Harpists	Melody
Hedonists	Debauchery
Heirs	Expectation
Hermits	Observance
Hippies	Trip
Hobos	Flagon
Homosexuals	Ensemble
Hoodlums	Gang
Horsemen	Cavalcade
Hunters	Blast
Husbands	Multiply, Unhappiness
Impressionists	Blur
In-laws	Imposition
Interpreters	Tounge
Irishmen	Pint
Italians	Explosion
Joggers	Wheeze
Journalists	Scoop, Slant
Judges	Bench, Sentence
Jugglers	Neverthriving
Jurors	Damning
Knights	Banner, Rout
Ladies	Bevy
Lawyers	Disputation, Eloquence, Escheat, Greed, Huddle, Quarrel
Lecturers	Drift
Lepers	Colony
Lesbians	Tough
Liberals	Pink
Librarians	Catalogue, Stack, Shush
Listeners	Audience
Magicians	Illusion
Magistrates	Bench
Mathematicians	Number, Set
Matrons	Riches
Majors	Morbidity
Meatheads	Density
Mechanics	Clutch, Torque
Men	Band
Merchants	Faith
Messengers	Diligence
Metallurgists	Amalgamation
Meteorologists	Shower
Microbiologists	Colony
Midwives	Expectation
Minstrels	Troupe
Models	Slouch
Monks	Abominable Sight
Mothers	Cconsternation
Mothers-in-law	Mutter
Mourners	Cortege
Musicians	Band, Orchestra
Narcissists	Mug, Reflection
Natives	Tribe
Nazis	Jungle
Nieces	Squeal
Northerners	Freeze
Nuns	Convent, Murmur, Flap, Pray, Superfluity
Nymphomaniacs	Spread
Officers	Mess, Execution
Onlookers	Crowd
Orthodontists	Brace
Orthopaedists	Brace, Cast
Osteopaths	Joint
Painters	Curse, Illusion, Misbelieving
Paparazzi	Flash
Parents	Embarrassment, Persistence
Pathologists	Body
Patients	Virtue
Pedlars	Malapertness
People	Audience, Crowd, Mob
Percussionist	Meter

Performers	Troupe/Troup
Philosophers	Confiusion, Ponder
Photographers	Clique, Snap
Physicians	College
Physicists	Nucleus
Pianists	Pound
Pilots	Crew, Yoke
Pipers	Skirl
Plumbers	Flood, Flush
Poets	Iamb, Obsucurity, Rhyme
Police	Posse
Politicians	Lie, Equivocation, Odium
Preachers	Converting, Pontification
Priests	Discretion, Lechery, Mass, superfluity
Prisoners	Gang, Pity
Professors	Pomposity
Programmers	Archive, Bloat (Microsoft)
Prostitutes	Anthology, Stable, Whored
Psychoanalysts	Complex
Psychologists	Complex
Public speakers	Twaddle
Pyromaniacs	Blaze, Conflagration
Radiologists	Series
Refugees	Flight
Reviewers	Pan
Rioters	Melee
Robbers	Band
Sailors	Crew, Deck
Salesmen	Sample
Schoolboys	Rout
Scots	Clan, Disworship
Seamstresses	Scolding
Senators	House
Sergeants-at-law	Subtlety
Servants	Obeisance
Shepherds	Sodom
Sheriffs	Posse
Shoemakers	Blackening
Shoppers	Crush
Singers	Choir
Smokers	Billow, Hack
Soldiers	Army, Brigade, Company, Division, Muster, Platoon, Troop
Students	Class
Subalterns	Simplicity
Swingers	Bed
Tailors	Disguising, Proud Showing
Teachers	Quiz
Taverners	Glozing
Teenagers	Attitude, Grunt
Thieves	Den, Gang , Skulk
Tree surgeons	Graft
Trustees	Board
Tourists	Flock
Undertakers	Unction
Vegetarians	Sprig
Vicars	Prudence
Waiters	Absence, Indifference, Order
Walkers	Amble
Webmasters	Linkage, Net
Widows	Ambush
Witches	Coven
Wives	Impatience
Women	Gaggle
Workmen	Gang
Worshippers	Congregation
Wrestlers	Clutch, Crunch
Writers	Worship
Yeoman	Fellowship

Collective nouns for objects & things

Item	Collective Nouns
Aircraft	Flight, Wing
Angels	Choir, Chorus, Flight, Host, Pinhead
Apples	Bushel
Arrows	Quiver
Artillery	Battery
Asteroids	Belt
Bananas	Bunch, Comb
Beans	Hill
Bells	Peal, Change, Carillons
Bills/Notes	Wad
Books	Library
Bread	Batch
Canyons	Maze
Cars	Fleet, Mayhem, Stack
Cards	Deck, Hand, Pack
Chairs	Fold
Cigarettes	Packet
Circuits	Bank
Clothes	Suit
Clouds	Soufflé
Coins	Roll, Rouleau
Computers	Cluster, Network (when linked)
Condiments	Accompaniment
Corn	Sheaf, Shock (pile of stalks)
Cymbals	Sign
Diamond	Cluster
Dice	Luck
Dictionaries	Meaning
Documents	Dossier, Wealth
Dominoes	Falling
Drinks	Round
Drugs	Cocktail
Drums	Kettle
Dung	Pile
Eggs	Clutch
Errands	Hassle
Estimations	Bout
Firewood	Faggot
Flowers	Bunch, Bouquet
Footsteps	Patter
Furniture	Suite
Gears	Rack
Ghosts	Fright
Gloves	Elicat
Gods	Pantheon
Grass	Tuft
Grapes	Bunch
Grits	Mess
Gunships	Hailstorm
Hair	Lock, Tuz, Wig
Hammers	Morning
Harps	Twangle
Helicopters	Hover
Hills	Undulation
Icebergs	Crush, Drift
Impediments	Vagary
Information	Wealth
Islands	Archipelago, Chain, Group
Jewels	Cache
Keys	Ring
Knots	Cluster, Medusa
Lamentations	Moan
Lavatories	Flush
Laws (bad)	Strangle
Leaves	Autumn
Lines	Pencil
Locks (on a canal)	Flight
Lorries	Convoy, Fleet
Machine guns	Nest
Maps	Atlas
Money	Cache, Roll, Rouleau, Wad
Monitors	Bank
Mountains	Range

Nouns	Collective, Propriety
Objects	Collection
Orchids	Coterie
Ovoids	Metamorphosis
Palindromes	Tenet
Paper	Pad, Ream
Particulars	Bill
Pearls	Rope, String
Peas	Pods
Pistols	Brace (two pistols)
Planes	Stack
Pleasure	Glut, Guilt
Poems	Anthology
Pottage	Mess
Puddles	Splash
Puns	Groan
Reasons	Rainbow
Rebuttals	Quiver
Reeds	Clump
Ribs	Rack
Riches	Embarrassment
Rubbish	Heap, Pile
Salt	Lot
Satellites	Constellation
Second thoughts	Clutch
Shells	Midden
Ships	Armada, Fleet, Flotilla
Shoelaces	Knot
Shoes	Pair, Scandal
Silk Screens	Pull
Similes	Superfluity
Smelt	Quantity
Software	Crash
Spatulas	Beautification
Sphincters	Clench
Stairs	Flight
Stamps	Collection
Stars	Cluster, Constellati on, Galaxy, Wonder
Steps	Flight
Sticks	Fagot
Sub-atomic particles	Minuscule
Submarines	Pack, Wolfpack
Suitcases	Pack
Tanks	Clank, Clatter
Tarts	Jam
Tasks	Agenda
Teddy bears	Hug
Tests	Battery
Things	Bunch, Cluster
Tomorrows	Promise
Tongues	Convention, Jagger
Toys	Assembly
Tranquilizers	Equanimity
Trash	Heap, Pile
Trees	Clump, Coupe, Forest, Grove, Stand, Stillness, Thicket, Wood
Tools	Kit, Set
Trucks	Convoy
Trumpets	Flourish
Truths	Pity
Tubas	Tumult
Turds	Steam
Twitches	Embarrassment
Umbrellas	Phalanx
Wagers	Book
Weed	Stash
Wheat	Sheaf
Willows	Bed
Windmills	Tilt
Winnings	Purse

List of Collective Nouns for Objects, Abstracts

a bunch of bananas	a stir of spoons
a hand of bananas	a pile of leaves
a clutch of eggs	a cluster of islands
a cog of robots	a chain of islands
a flight of aircraft	a faculty of academics
a flight of stairs	a suit of sails
a group of languages	a pack of lies
a pack of cards	a deck of cards
a load of washing

List of Collective Nouns for People

a bevy of girls	a blush of boys
a flourish of strumpets (prostitutes)	a gang of convicts
a gang of thieves	a gang of thugs
a perversion of sailors	a convent of nuns
a superfluity of nuns	a team of sportsmen
a troupe of dancers	a cast of actors
a company of actors	a choir of angels
a bridge of admirals	a nest of clowns
a mutiny of clowns	a field of doctors
a staff of employees	a squad of footballers
a pantheon of Gods	a cackle of witches
a stench of zombies

List of Collective Nouns for Animals, Birds, Insects

a congregation of alligators	a herd of antelope
a colony of ants	a troop of apes
a herd of asses	a swarm of bees
a flock of birds	a caravan of camels
a brood of chickens	a pod of dolphins
a school of fish	a cloud of flies
a skulk of foxes	a corps of giraffes
a band of gorillas	a kettle of hawks
a team of horses	a cackle of hyenas
a mob of kangaroos	a pride of lions
a mischief of mice	a tribe of monkeys
a parliament of owls	a company of parrots
a kit of pigeons	a rout of snails
a den of snakes	a host of sparrows
an ambush of tigers	a gang of turkeys
a gam of whales	a descent of woodpeckers
a zeal of zebras

These lists are by no means exhaustive. There are a whole lot of other collective nouns that are not present.

Family

Husband,

wife,

spouse;

Father,

mother,

parents;

Son,

daughter,

child,

children;

Brother,

sister,

siblings,

twins;

Grandfather,

grandmother,

grandparents;

Grandson,

granddaughter,

grandchild,

grandchildren;

Great-grandfather,

great-grandmother,

great-grandchild;

Stepfather,

stepmother,

stepbrother,

stepsister;

Half-brother,

half-sister;

Adopted son,

adopted daughter,

adopted child;

Foster family,

foster father,

foster mother,

foster parents,

Foster son,

foster daughter,

foster

child;

Relatives

Uncle,

aunt;

nephew,

niece;

Cousin,

first cousin,

second cousin;

Close relatives,

distant relatives;

My family,

my relatives,

my folks,

my kin;

Ancestor,

Fore father

Relatives by marriage

In-laws,

father-in-law,

mother-in-law,

Son-in-law,

sons-in-law,

daughter-in-law,

daughters-in-law;

Brother-in-law,

brothers-in-law,

sister-in-law,

sisters-in-law;

Examples of Places –

continents,

countries,

states,

cities,

villages,

colonies,

streets,

houses,

buildings,

offices,

schools,

colleges,

institutes,

Malls,

markets,

shops,

art galleries,

exhibitions,

hills,

mountains,

valleys,

forests,

deserts,

seas,

rivers,

waterfalls,

lakes etc.

Examples of Things –

vehicles,

electrical goods,

appliances,

furniture,

food items, etc.

COLLECTIVE NOUNS

Collective nouns generally mean ‘group’. A collective noun is a single word given to a group of specific people, place animal or things.

Collective nouns are the names given to a collection of persons, animals or things, taken together, and spoken of as one whole.

Example –

A group of relatives – FAMILY.

A group of cricket players – TEAM.

A group of shops – MALL

A group of houses – APARTMENT

A group of fish – CATCH.

A group of flowers – BOUQUET.

Collective nouns are endless and the below given example are just a list of those used more often.

The following collective nouns are used for people.

· A class of students.

· An army of soldiers.

· A choir of singers.

· A crew of sailors.

· A band of musicians.

· A bunch of crooks.

· A crowd of people/spectators.

· A gang of thieves.

· A group of dancers.

· A team of players.

· A troupe of artists/dancers.

· A pack of thieves.

· A staff of employees.

· A regiment of soldiers.

· A tribe of natives.

· An audience of listeners.

· A panel of experts.

· A gang of laborers.

· A flock of tourists.

· A board of directors.

The following collective nouns are used for animals.

· A catch of fish.

· An army of ants.

· A flight of birds.

· A flock of birds.

· A haul of fish.

· A flock of sheep.

· A herd of deer/cattle/elephants/goats/buffaloes.

· A hive of bees.

· A litter of cubs.

· A host of sparrows.

· A team of horses.

· A troop of lions.

· A zoo of wild animals.

· A pack of wolves.

· A litter of puppies/kittens.

· A swarm of bees/ants/rats/flies.

· A team of horses/ducks/oxen.

· A murder of crows.

· A kennel of dogs.

· A pack of hounds.

The following collective nouns are used for things.

· A group of islands.

· A galaxy of stars.

· A wad of notes.

· A forest of trees.

· A stack of wood.

· A fleet of ships.

· A string of pearls.

· An album of stamps/autographs / photographs.

· A hedge of bushes.

· A library of books.

· A basket of fruit.

· A bowl of rice.

· A pack of cards.

· A pair of shoes.

· A bouquet of flowers.

· A bunch of keys.

· A chest of drawers.

· A pack of lies.

· A range of mountains.

· A cloud of dust.

· Material Noun ( বস্তুুবাচক বিশেষ্য ) : যে Noun দ্বারা কোন পদার্থের ওজন করা যায় কিন্তুু গণনা করা যায়না তাকে Material Noun বলে ।যেমন : Oil, Water, Milk, Honey ইত্যাদি । Example: This chair is made of wood.

MATERIAL NOUNS

Materials nouns are the names of raw elements or objects existing in nature. They cannot be created by man, but many things, are created by using these materials.

Some examples for material nouns are given below

A MATERIAL NOUN is the name of a material, with no separate parts, and many separate things are made from it.

We get these materials mainly from three sources – nature, animal and plants.

Some examples of material nouns

Material nouns from nature

Air

Gold

Silver

Iron

Copper

Coal

Water

sand

Rock

Salt

Material nouns from animals

Honey

Meat

Milk

Silk

Wool

Leather

Material nouns from plants

Food

Wood

Jute

Oil

Coffee

Tea

Medicine

Cotton

Rubber

Perfume

· Abstract Noun (গুণবাচক বিশেষ্য) : যে Noun দ্বারা কোন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর গুণ, অবস্থা বা কাজের নাম প্রকাশ করে তাকে Abstract Nounবলে । যেমন : Goodness, Kindness, Happiness, Beauty ইত্যাদি। Example : Honesty is the best policy.

Abstract Noun চেনার উপায় : কোন Word এর শেষে ce, sion, tion, ment, ist, iour, ty, er, an, ness, ism, hood, th, cy, ess, ture, ar, eer, on, or, logy, mony, dom, ship প্রভৃতি Suffix থাকলে সে Word টিকে সাধারণত Noun হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়।

ce : competence

sion : decision

tion : education

ment : development

ist : typist, novelist, dramatist.

iour : behaviour

ty : necessity

er : examiner, driver

an : beautician

ness : kindness, brightness

ism : patriotism

hood : childhood

th : death

cy : democracy

ess : success

ture : agriculture

ar : Beggar

eer : mountaineer

on : surgeon

or : cultivator

logy : biology

mony : ceremony

dom : wisdom

ship : scholarship

Note : এরুপ Suffix যোগে গঠিত কোন Noun, Sentence এর Subject হলে তার Verb টি অবশ্যই Singular হবে।